Gingival disease is thought to affect 50 to 90 per cent of adults to some degree. Gingival inflammation has also been reported in as many as 46 per cent of eight-year-olds, 60 per cent of 12-year-olds and 52 per cent of 15-year-olds – with bleeding on probing evident in approximately 40 per cent of 15-year-olds. Irreversible periodontitis is estimated to impact more than half of the UK population at some point during their lives, though this is thought to be an underestimation.
The most common risk factors attributed to gingival disease include plaque build-up, tobacco (smoking or chewing) and alcohol consumption, with several systemic disorders increasingly playing a role too such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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